UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA - RECOVERING THE UNIVERSITY FABRIC

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Overview

Rhodri Windsor-Liscombe

Point Grey Pre-University (pre-1890)

Emma Spenner Norman

• Coast Salish and Industry
• Pre-University and UEL Time Line
• Contacts
• Bibliography

Early History (1890-1949)

Diane Archibald

Post-War Reconstruction (1950-1980)

Lara Tomaszewska

The Urban Community (1980-2003)

Lisa Moffatt

by Emma Spenner Norman

Coast Salish and Industry

Place for Education

The idyllic setting of Point Grey, surrounded by water and sweeping views of snow-capped mountains, is a place of true inspiration. This coveted location, now called Point Grey, has been home to the Musqueam band since “time immemorial”. Only in recent history has this place been known as “University of British Columbia”. However, long before the university was established, this land was used for education. The Musqueam people used the peninsula as a training site for their youth. The sea was used for canoe pulling and fishing, the forest for hunting and gathering, and the beaches for crabbing. The land itself was, and is, a place for education, for growth.

Recognizing that the location was ideal for educational purposes, the University Commission recommended Point Grey for the location of the University of British Columbia in 1910. The commission noted that the peninsula was suited for higher education because of its natural beauty and because its geography separated it from the growing urban center of Vancouver. The commission noted that the students could benefit from the proximity of the city without being exposed to the “city’s nefarious influence”. Thus, by locating the University on the peninsula, the students benefited from an arcadian lifestyle with natural beauty while still contributing to, and benefiting from, Vancouver’s growing urban economy (Harris 1976-77).

The University Commission’s decision to locate the campus was not made without controversy. As the Province of British Columbia was scrambling to define itself, Euro-Canadian communities were eager to have the university placed within its jurisdiction. In a time where instability was the norm, the building of a Provincial university not only offered much needed economic security, but also a sense of arrival. As Harris notes (1976-77: 110) the frontier people of the time “associated their own success with that of the place where they lived.” This was a coveted proposition indeed. Communities such as Nelson, Kamloops, Vernon, and Alberni were busy persuading the Commission that their landscape was best suited for the new university. Victoria, in particular, was convinced of its role as both university town and government town - after all, its people were surely the most “sophisticated”.

Many people experienced disappointment by the announcement on September 25, 1910 that the Commission had passed up their communities in favor of Point Grey in Vancouver. These burgeoning towns would need to look elsewhere to define themselves within the new Province.

Place for Resources

Point Grey has a long tradition of supporting its inhabitants with its rich resources. The Musqueam have always looked towards the environment to provide resources for its people.

Marine resources, in particular, have played an important role in the Musqueam economy. Located at the mouth of the Fraser River, the Musqueam have fished salmon, hunted marine mammals and harvested shellfish for thousands of years. The Musqueam also rely on forest resources to provide for their community. Plants provide ingredients for materials such as medicines, dyes, and basketry, while cedar, the most important forest resource in Coast Salish culture, has multiple uses including: plank houses, canoes, cedar bark clothing, blankets and mats, materials for temporary camps, baskets, benches, boxes, carved figures and mortuary houses. Resources from the forest and the sea not only provide sustenance, but also are integral to the way of life for the Musqueam people.

Even after Point Grey became known as “Crown Land” under the British Empire and eventually part of the University Endowment Lands, the rich resources of Point Grey continued to support its inhabitants. The forest resources, liquidated as cash assets, provided funds needed for the Province to build what is now the University of British Columbia. The wooded resources generated income through a series of logging sales, starting as early as 1865 and continuing through 1951.

When it became clear that logging alone could not fund the construction of the University, the remaining forested land (second and third growth forest) was put under Provincial protection. After years of discussing the best use of the remaining forestland buffering the University of British Columbia, the Canadian government deeded the land to the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), and it is now known as “Pacific Spirit Park”. Although the GVRD has title to the land, the Musqueam consider that forested space, as well as the whole of Point Grey, as part of their traditional territory.

Evidence of the logging activities are scattered throughout Point Grey - with springboard marks on many old stumps and leftover remains of old skids. The changing economies of the forest also produced a hybridization of local knowledge of resources and European technologies. The use of the locally produced Dog-Fish oil as a greaser, for example, was instrumental for the logging industry. The oil, long used by First Peoples throughout the coastal areas, is symbolic of the interwoven influences that European-Canadians and First Peoples had on each other.

Place of Defense

The northern shores of Point Grey have a long history of defense. Behind what is now the Museum of Anthropology (MOA), facing the Strait of Georgia, generations of people have stood guard. The Musqueam band used this site as a lookout for approaching northern tribes – in particular the Squamish and the Haida of Vancouver Island. If approaching war canoes were spotted, runners were sent up the coast through wooded trails to alert tribal members. The Musqueam defense would then counter the aggressor by embarking war canoes and warding off invasion (Sparrow 2004).

More recently, this site was used as a place for national defense of Canada during both World War I and World War II. In WWI, several 60-pound field guns were positioned over-looking the sea. In WWII, three 6-inch MK7 guns were positioned. Two positions still remain at the site, one serving as a memorial. The third gun was demolished in 1973 along with the cantonment area. Two searchlight towers also remain at the beach-site, serving as reminders of its place in history. Although circumstances, allies, and enemies change, this place is undoubtedly one of defense, one of protection.

Current Relationships

In their 1976 Proclamation, the Musqueam people identified the land now known as Point Grey as being still part of their traditional territory. Having never ceded property rights to the Crown or Canada, the Musqueam view the land where the University of British Columbia now rests as still theirs.

Although Native land right issues remain unresolved throughout Canada, including land issues surrounding the Musqueam band, the University of British Columbia administration and the Musqueam tribal leaders have maintained a positive working relationship. Evidence of this relationship is first seen in the 1984 President’s report on Indian Community and Education. This report, which brought First Nations community and educational needs to the university setting, highlighted the need for curriculum redevelopment, changes in programming, and the need for a community learning resource center. The First Nations House of Learning and Long House, which was dedicated a decade after the President’s report was released, has been a positive contribution both for First Nations communities as well as the University in general.

Other successful examples of bridging the academic and the First Nations community include the collaboration with the Museum of Anthropology, the revitalization of the Musqueam Weaving Program, and the Musqueam 101 education project. These efforts are made possible by the foresight and goodwill of leaders both in Musqueam and the University of British Columbia.

Open communication and dialogue will be necessary in order to continue meeting the needs of both communities. Understanding the history of the Place – and situating the University Fabric in a historical context – is necessary to move foreword in a positive, just and equitable manner.

Pre-University and UEL Time Line

Pre-1774

-- Indigenous population of what later becomes British Columbia estimated at 500,000 people, divided into many tribal groups. The Interior Salish populations were mainly mobile hunter-gatherers and fisherman; whereas the coastal populations were more sedentary societies, based mainly on fishing.

-- Coast Salish communities, in particular Musqueam Band, inhabited what is now considered Point Grey

1774

-- The Spaniard Juan Perez visits the northwest coast, becoming the first known European to encounter the First Nations people of British Columbia

c. 1775

-- Spanish navigators introduce smallpox to the Tlingit. The disease spreads rapidly amongst the northwest coast Indians

1792

-- Spanish and English vessels first explored Burrard Inlet

-- Musqueam had established permanent villages - House sites situated at Jericho Beach, Stanley Park and False Creek

1808

-- Simon Fraser reached the mouth of Fraser River

-- Musqueam had two principal winter villages, Mali and Musqueam (Fraser reported seeing these winter villages upon his first visit to the Fraser River)

1820-1850s

-- Intertribal warfare fierce among the coastal and interior First Nations peoples

1850-1899

-- Critical changes to Point Grey landscape. Increased Euro-Canadian population, increased harvesting of resources, increased urbanization

1850-1854

-- The “Douglas Treaties” - in some 14 treaties near Victoria, Nanaimo, Cowichan, and the north end of the Island, Indians ceded their lands to the Colonial government in exchange for payment

1858

-- Gold Rush was discovered in the Fraser Canyon. Thousands of gold seekers arrive mainly from California. End of the fur trade as the main economic activity of the Colony.

Post-c.1860

-- The Squamish move in numbers to Burrard Inslet (before this time they have only summer villages) which is also being used by the Musqueam and Saleelwat people.

1860-80s

-- Tribal lands are pre-empted and occupied by Euro-Canadian settlers and miners who develop farms and ranches with government permission.

1862-1863

-- Major smallpox epidemic starting in Victoria spreads throughout the area and wipes out an estimated 20,000 Native People out of 60,000. By 1862, an estimated 350-450,000 Indians have died in warfare or from disease in the previous 80 years.

1864-71

-- Policy of ignoring or denying First Peoples title to land is entrenched by Joseph Trutch, Commissioner of Lands and Works.

1865

-- 21-year Point Grey Timber lease granted to Vancouver Island Spar, Lumber and Sawmill Company Limited (later Hastings Sawmill Company).

1866

-- British Columbia and Vancouver Island become United Colony of British Columbia (1866-1871). New legislation prohibits land pre-emption by aboriginals.

1868

-- Trutch reduces size of some existing Native reserves in B.C., allowing for a maximum of 10 acres per family. Native communities protest - Major Prairie treaties acknowledge original Indian title and provide reserves of 640 acres per family.

1870

-- Musqueam Reserve surveyed.

1871

-- Province of British Columbia entered Confederation

1872

-- First recorded suggestion for the creation of University of British Columbia – made by John Jessop, Superintendent of Education, in the Public School Act

1873

-- The Provincial authorities suggest 20 acres per “head” (family) is sufficient - far below the average for the rest of Canada (80 acres/ family)

1876

-- The Indian Act permits the federal cabinet to depose hereditary chiefs and set up elected band councils among the Indians. Reserve lands are federal property and Indian people are treated as wards of the federal government.

1876-1877

-- Musqueam reserve, IR#2 is confirmed and IR#3 is allotted.

1879

-- Musqueam Reserve, IR#1 opposite New Westminster is confirmed.

1870-1899

-- Salmon harvesting technology significantly increased amount of salmon harvested; new employment and economic opportunities increased commercial life; logging activities increased; urbanization increased.

1880s-1960s

-- Indian residential school system in BC run by the churches but funded by the federal government. Children removed from their parents and traditional communities and forced to speak English, use of native language prohibited. Diseases like tuberculosis are rampant at the schools, particularly in earlier years. With the boarding schools, a new aboriginal identity is formed, as well as the ability to read, write and speak a common language.

1884-1886

-- Outlawing Potlatch becomes part of the Indian Act. Potlatching goes underground (except in remoter areas where the law is not enforceable) for the next 65 years.

1888-1889

-- Legislation first passed to limit fishing by Indian people. Fishing was and is the main economic activity of the Musqueam. Fisher Regulations - food fishing allowed but no sales or barters.

Early 1890s

-- Vancouver real-estate boom

1890

-- University Act passed (August 26)

-- Vancouver High School opened (January 6)

1891

-- The British Columbia University Amendment Act passed (April 20) but never enacted.

1890-1893

-- Whetham College was founded (located on the corner of Granville and Georgia streets) and closes three years later due to financial hardship.

1892

-- Columbian Methodist College of Canada established in New Westminster.

1894

-- A system of permits for ‘food fishing’ was instituted.

-- Public School Act was amended to empower the four high schools of the Province – Victoria, New Westminster, Nanaimo and Vancouver – to affiliate with recognized Canadian Universities.

1896

-- Further Public School Act amendment enabled Boards of School Trustees to be granted charters of incorporation as “Boards of Governors” to administer the “College” work that would be done in the high schools.

1899

-- Vancouver High School / McGill University affiliation came into operation in September: “Vancouver College of McGill University”.

1903

-- Victoria High School followed suit and became “Victoria College”.

1906

-- Salish Chiefs hold large assembly and send Chiefs to London to request treaties.

1906-1915

-- Vancouver College taken over by McGill and is renamed McGill University College of British Columbia. MUCBC offers only two-year programmes in arts and sciences; students still have to go elsewhere to complete their degrees.

1907

-- “University Endowment Act, 1907” was presented by Dr. Young as Bill number 25, or “Act to Aid the University of British Columbia by a Reservation of Provincial Lands”. The Bill stated that within three years “lands not exceeding two million acres” to “be administered and disposed of under the provisions of ‘Land Act.’”

1908

-- Provincial legislature passes “University Act of 1908” drafted by Dr. Young. The new act laid out the Constitution of University of British Columbia. The "Act" also declares the University to be non-sectarian and co-educational.

-- University finds temporary home in the Fairview quarters of McGill College

-- Measures were taken to eject Japanese squatters occupying Point Grey. 200 campers still occupy the northern portion of Point Grey.

1909-1915

-- Canadian Northern Pacific Railway Company line consumed much of the government’s financial attention – Premier McBride had overwhelmingly won the election on this mandate – contributing to the delay of construction for the University of British Columbia.

1910

-- University Site Commission Act (February 25) established to find location of University of British Columbia.

-- Point Grey chosen by commissioners as the future site of University British Columbia (September 25)

1912

-- University campus cleared. Timber sale granted to Scot and Yong, including Camosun bog area.

1912-1923

-- Total of 65 Timber Sale licenses on Point Grey issued by Forest Branch.

1913

-- First President, Dr. Frank Fairchild Wesbrook, appointed to UBC.

1914-1918

-- World War I consumes much of the Province's recourse and delays the construction and prioritization of University of British Columbia

1914

-- Construction of first permanent buildings at Point Grey begins.

-- Outbreak of First World War halts work until the next year, with only land-clearance and the frame of the Science Building completed.

1915

-- University of British Columbia opens in temporary headquarters at the former MUCBC facilities (nicknamed the "Fairview shacks" after the surrounding neighborhood) adjacent to Vancouver General Hospital. There are three faculties: Arts and Science, Applied Science, and Agriculture.

1919

-- The return of students from wartime duty increases enrolment to 890 for 1919-20. The "shacks" quickly become over-crowded, with classes being held in tents, churches, and Sunday schools; however, construction at Point Grey is not resumed.

1920

-- "University Endowment Act" amended: rights to Crown lands in the interior exchanged for 3000 acres adjacent to the Point Grey site, which are intended for sale as residential properties.

1922

-- Tired of over-crowded conditions (full-time enrolment reaches 1200 for 1921-22), students organize province-wide publicity campaign to persuade the government to complete the Point Grey campus. The "Build the University" campaign climaxes in a parade (the "Great Trek") from downtown Vancouver to Point Grey, and the presentation of a petition with 56,000 signatures to the Speaker of the Legislature in Victoria. The government authorizes a $1.5 million loan to resume construction.

1923

-- Exchange of 2 million acre university endowment lands through province for 2,900 acres at Point Grey.

-- Government lets contracts for completion of Point Grey buildings: the Science building (today part of the Chemistry building), the Library (today the centre block of Main Library), a power plant, and "semi-permanent" buildings (Arts, Agriculture, Applied Science, Administration, the Auditorium, and four laboratory/workshop buildings, most of which are still in use today).

1925

-- UBC moves to Point Grey campus.

-- First subdivision plan for UEL prepared by E. Cleveland. Set roads and developed as they now exist at UEL.

1930

-- University made another attempt to develop a subdivision. Failed due to depressed economy.

1930s

-- Many residents cutting firewood on UEL. Beginning of recreational uses: scouts, Clinton stables.

1932

-- Timber survey ordered - mostly second growth.

1933

-- Logging permits “out of control” - every week 180 permits issued.

1934

-- Forest Branch ceases to issue logging permits.

1935

-- Washout of “Campus Canyon” (Graham’s Gully).

1940

-- Logging permits reinstated.

1943

-- Bush fire broke out – caused concern for future fires.

-- Minister of Lands prohibited cutting of timber without UEL authority.

1945

-- Bartholomew plan: proposed development of 2,300 acres of UEL lands. Airport planned in SE corner of UEL.

1949

-- Last residential subdivision constructed on UEL.

1951

-- Clearing for subdivision again between Chancellor Boulevard and Spanish Banks. Subdivision was never built.

1956

-- Turner Plan developed by Department of Lands. Discusses how to optimize revenues from UEL.

1960

-- Aboriginal people of Canada gain the right to vote federally and the phasing-out of Indian residential schools begin.

1972

-- NDP proposed UEL to have a demonstration housing project of medium density – plan received great controversy.

1975-77

-- Musqueam’s Preliminary Statement of General Claim is submitted to the federal government but not accepted.

1976

-- Musqueam Declaration (June 10) is adopted and signed: “We the Musqueam People openly and publicly affirm that we hold aboriginal title...”.

1977

-- “Musqueam Aboriginal Rights to the University Endowment Lands: published by Musqueam Indian Band.” Provincial report on the future of the UEL does not acknowledge Musqueam claim.

1970s-1989

-- Numerous citizens groups advocate preservation of UEL as park land.

1984

-- The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in Musqueam’s Guerin case that the federal government must protect the interests of aboriginal people, and also recognize that aboriginal rights existed before Canada became a country.

-- Musqueam Comprehensive Land Claim resubmitted, under revised federal policy. Government will not accept it for negotiations, due to extent of third-party interests.

1988

-- Province of British Columbia designates 763 hectares of former UEL as regional park under GVRD (December 12).

1989

-- Official opening of Pacific Spirit Regional Park (April 23).

1990

-- The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in Musqueam Sparrow case that Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, provides a “strong measure of protection” for aboriginal rights. It also ruled hat aboriginal and treaty rights are capable of evolving over time, and must be interpreted in a generous and liberal manner.

1993

-- Musqueam entered into a six stage BC Treaty Process by submitting a Statement of Intent.

1995

-- Musqueam declared ready to begin negotiations.

2003

-- Musqueam band members voted to ratify the Musqueam Framework Agreement for signature by Chief Ernest Campbell, Canada’s Minister of Indian Affairs (November 18).

Important Contacts for Pre-University Site

Museum of Anthropology

• Michael Ames, Director of MOA
• Courtney Gibson, MOA intern
• Krisztina Laszlo, Archivist at MOA
• Terri Pointe, MOA intern
• Sue Rowley, Head of Public Archaeology at MOA

Musqueam Band

• Larry Grant, Musqueam Elder
• Shane Pointe, Musqueam Tribal Member, Education Consultant
• Leona Sparrow, Director Treaty, Lands, and Resources Musqueam Indian Band

University of British Columbia

• Diane Archibald, Education Professor, UBC
• Jean Barman, Education Profession, UBC
• Cole Harris, Geography Professor Emeritus, UBC
• June McKew, Chief, Head of Legal Studies, UBC
• Madeleine MacIvor, Associate Director, First Nations House of Learning
• Bruce Miller, Anthropology Professor, UBC
• Richard Vedan, Director, First Nations House of Learning, UBC

Bibliography

Call #:

12.7 CSA KEW pam

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Symposium Paper, presented June 19, 1995, AAAS Pacific Division

Name of Document:

The First Towns of the Fraser Estuary: A Brief History of the Halkomelem People

Date:

2004

Author(s):

Michael Kew

Length or size:

11 pages

* Research theme / area:

The Fraser River Delta, Pre-University

Notes:

Full title:

The Fraser River Delta: Issues of an Urban Estuary an exploration of interactions between urbanization and natural elements. Coordinated by the Geological Survey of Canada, as part of the American Association of the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, 76^th Annual Meeting, UBC, Vancouver.

Theme of this paper:

1. Historic presence of Musqueam in the Fraser Delta
2. Density and longevity of First Peoples along the Fraser Delta
   1. “…settlement in the Fraser Delta is not new. Sedentary, town-centered living began some 2,000 years ago among the ancestors of the Xwelmuxw.”
   2. “This assertion contradicts the common view of history which tells people that ‘urbanization’ in the lower mainland came after clearing of forest.”
3. Discusses the importance for applied science to include First Nations in discussions and management of natural resources

Call #:

ANTH 421 c.1

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

The Coast Salish of British Columbia

Date:

1955, Eugene: University of Oregon

Author(s):

Audrey Hawthorn

Length or size:

192 pages

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam, Historical

Notes:

• Overview of Coast Salish culture. Individual bands, including Musqueam, are described. Topics include shelter, clothing, ornamentation, occupations, life cycle, society, and winter ceremonies.
• Description of Musqueam housing, for example - plank houses have partitions between families and each family have separate fires and ate separately. Fish are smoked in separate plank structures. Summer camps also contained permanent houses - the Musqueam did not carry the wood planks around with them during migration as the southern groups on Vancouver Island.
• * Chief Jack noted that the second copy of a special post (one that represented a man on a grizzly bear shaking a rattle) is in the Museum of Anthropology, UBC -- the original one was destroyed (see page 53 -54 of Hawthorn’s book). The post indicated by Chief Jack is exhibit #A5004, which is exhibited at the entrance of the museum exhibit, first exhibit on the right.

Call #:

12.7 CSA mus pam

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Paper

Name of Document:

Musqueam Aboriginal Rights to the University Endowment Lands

Date:

January 26, 1977

Author(s):

Musqueam Band

Length or size:

17 pages

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam History

Notes:

• Document also found at Musqueam Band Office
• Good overview of UEL discussion

Call #:

__________

Location:

Musqueam Band Administration Office

Type of Document:

Handout

Name of Document:

Musqueam Indian Band – Information Packet

Date:

1996

Author(s):

Musqueam Band

Length or size:

14 pages

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam History

Notes:

Themes addressed in Handout -

• Musqueam Declaration (1976)
• History of Territory
• Government Structure
• Traditional Economic and Social Relations
• Fisheries
• Taxation
• Landmark Legal Cases
  • Guerin 1984
  • Sparrow 1990
• Dispelling the Myth of “Special Status” for First Nations in Treaty Negotiations
• Musqueam’s Progress in the B.C. Treaty Process
• Interim Measures
• A Chronology of History
• 1763 – present

Call #:

NMC 0005959

Location:

Rare Books & Special Collections Microforms, UBC

Type of Document:

Map

Name of Document:

Plan of Musqueam Indian Reserve No.2 New Westminster District B.C. [microform] / Department of Indian Affairs

Date:

1916: Ottawa: Department of Indian Affairs

Author(s):

Canada. Department of Indian Affairs, Boulton, George S., Scott, Duncan Campbell, 1862-1947.

Length or size:

Scale 1:7 920; (W 123° 15' / N 49° 15' ) - 1 map: photocopy of manuscript ; 47 x 37 cm.

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam Reserve History

Notes:

• Reserve boundaries-dimensions and bearings; numbered lots; streets; trails; church; orchard garden; buildings.
• Certified correct by George S. Boulton, B.C.L.S., March 16th 1916. Another signature illegible as left-hand portion of map is missing. Also signed by Duncan C. Scott, Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs.
• Number "199-B.C." written in lower right-hand corner. Stamp "Public Archives of Canada Map Division, Apr. 11 1957, 516" also in lower right-hand corner.

Call #:

_____________

Location:

Musqueam Band Administration Office

Name or Type of Document: Map: Musqueam Settlement Pattern Models

Date: 1996

Author(s):

Leonard Ham

Length or size:

_____________

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam History

Notes:

Created for lawsuit submitted to Province for public record

Call #:

_____________

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Pamphlet

Name of Document:

Source Book of Musqueam holdings at MOA

Date:

2004

Author(s):

Terri Pointe and Courtney Gibson

Length or size:

8 pages

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam Displays in Museum

Notes:

Comprehensive list of all Musqueam-related holdings and displays at MOA

Call #:

12.7c CSA SPA

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

MA Thesis, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, UBC

Name of Document:

Work Histories of a Coast Salish Couple

Date:

1976, Vancouver: UBC

Author(s):

Leona Marie Sparrow

Length or size:

267 pages

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam, Historical

Notes:

Abstract: This thesis attempts to depict and analyze an area or time space in the life of two selected Coast Salish informants from the Musqueam Reserve. A series of interviews with the informants produced an extensive and comprehensive account of their work patterns, information on other closely related facets of the life style of the informants, and their relationship to various culture groups. Perhaps the most important feature revealed are implicit -- the informants’ concepts of self in society. Through these texts a Native perspective of recent history can be seen emerging. This perspective is more evident in the verbatim transcripts than it would be in a closely edited text. The analysis attempts to demonstrate the relationship of work history to total life history, the importance of the culturally related patterns and cycles to work.

Call #:

Musqueam Archives 170.3

Location:

Musqueam Band Administration Office, Land Claims Department

Type of Document:

Information Packet

Name of Document:

Musqueam Comprehensive Land Claim: Preliminary Report on Musqueam Land Use and Occupancy

Date:

June 1984

Author(s):

Musqueam Band Office

Length or size:

82 pages

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam History

Notes:

• Excellent Maps.
• List of Musqueam Seasonal Settlements
• Good References / Bibliographic Sources
• Organization of Historical Documentation
  • Pre 1850
  • 1850-1899
  • 1900 – present
• Also found in Museum of Anthropology Reading Room

Call #:

FC 3801 B18 S88

Location:

Geographic Information Centre, Geography Building, UBC

Type of Document:

Journal: BC Studies

Name of Document:

“Locating the University of British Columbia” BC Studies No. 32, pp. 106-125

Date:

Winter 1976/77

Author(s):

R. Cole Harris

Length or size:

pp. 106-125

Research theme / area:

Early UBC History

Notes:

This paper is an excellent overview of the factors that influenced the University Commission’s decision to place UBC on Point Grey.

Call #:

LE3.B82 L6

Location:

Koerner Library, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

Tuum est; a history of the University of British Columbia. With a foreword by N. A. M. MacKenzie

Date:

1958, Vancouver: University of British Columbia

Author(s):

Harry T. Logan

Length or size:

268 p. illus. 28 cm.

* Research theme / area:

Early University History

Notes:

• This book provides an excellent overview of the decision process for locating UBC at Point Grey, as well as describing the other schools/universities that emerged pre-UBC.
• The decision to place the University at Point Grey was announced on September 25, 1910. The report on the commission noted (pg 40-41):
  • The University Site Commissioners are strongly of the opinion that the University should not be placed on a site which may in turn be completely surrounded by a city. They respectfully suggest that not less than 250 acres be set apart for the University Campus and 700 acres for experimental purposes in agriculture and forestry. This is exclusive of a forest reserve fore forestry operations on a large scale.
    The Commissioners are of the opinion that the most suitable site is at Point Grey unless the soil there and that of the delta adjacent are found to be unsuitable for the experimental work of the College of Agriculture. Should Point Grey prove impossible, the Commissioners suggest – first, a site along the shore wet of North Vancouver, provided the tunnel and bridge are constructed; second, St. Mary’s Hill overlooking the Pitt, Fraser and Coquitlam Rivers, provided residences are erected for the students. Central Park, though conveniently located, will probably be surrounded by the Cities of Vancouver and New Westminster, and because of this and the absences of outstanding scenic advantage is undesirable.

Call #:

____________

Location:

Musqueam Band Administration Office

Type of Document:

Map

Name of Document:

Map: Vegetation of Southwest Fraser Lowland, 1858 - 1880, 1:25,000

Date:

1979

Author(s):

Musqueam Band Office

Length or size:

Large Map

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam History / Vegetation

Notes:

___________

Call #:

LE3 .B7 1942 A97 F59 c. 1

Location:

Rare Books & Special Collection, UBC

Name or Type of Document:

Early lumbering on Burrard Inlet, 1864-1892

Date:

1942, Vancouver: UBC

Author(s):

James E. Flynn

Length or size:

48 leaves, [17] leaves of plates : ill., fold. map on pocket ; 28 cm.

* Research theme / area:

Pre-University Logging Activities

Notes:

• Graduating essay (B.A.) -- University of British Columbia, 1942.
• Bibliography: leaf 48.

Fonds:

Pigeon Hole 1, New Westminster District

Box File #:

Field Book 4/69

Location:

Ministry of Crown Lands, Survey General Branch, Map Vault, New Westminster District

Type of Document:

Survey Notes

Name of Document:

F.W. Green Survey Notes

Date:

September/October 1869

Author(s):

F.W. Green

Length or size:

__________

* Research theme / area:

Pre-University Logging Activities

Notes:

• Page 17 of his field guidebook deals directly with Point Grey.
• This citation is originally noted in Gabrielle Kahrer’s book Mosaic of Destinies

Call #:

LE3 .B7 1988 A67 R52

Location:

Rare Books & Special Collections, UBC

Type of Document:

M.A. Thesis

Name of Document:

The Preservation of Urban Woodlands: A Case Study of the University Endowment Lands, Vancouver B.C.

Date:

1988, Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia

Author(s):

Carmen Riina Rida

Length or size:

x, 236 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm.

* Research theme / area:

UEL Lands

Notes:

• Series: University of British Columbia. School of Community and Regional Planning. Thesis. M.Sc., 1988
• Includes Vita.
• Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of British Columbia, 1988.
• Bibliography: leaves 206-219

Call #:

FC3847.65 .K337 1991 

Location:

Koerner Library, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

A mosaic of destinies, a mosaic of landscapes: the history of Pacific Spirit Regional Park, 1860s to 1950s

Date:

1991, Vancouver, UBC

Author(s): A. Gabrielle Kahrer

Length or size: 74 leaves : ill., maps

* Research theme / area:

Pre-University Logging Activities/ Pacific Spirit Park

Notes:

• Figure 5: Logging Activities at Point Grey 1865 – 1891
• Chronology of Logging Activities (pg. 2)
• Description of Timber: Spruce, Pine, Hemlock; and Claim B: Scrubby Timber, Dense Bush, Windfall, Burned Timber Cover
• Logging Camp operated by Farry and Dagget in 1880’s near current Musqueam Reserve
• Description of Logging Methods – Skid Row – Remains of Old Skids (pg. 25 -29)
• Squatters – mostly Japanese ingle bolt cutters – in 1907 squatters were ejected from Pt. Grey
• "This project was financially assisted by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Recreation and Culture through the British Columbia Heritage Trust and British Columbia Lotteries" -- leaf 1.
• Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74).

Box File #:

__________

Location:

Victoria, Ministry of Forests, Department of Timber Harvesting

Type of Document:

Record of Sales

Name of Document:

Timber Sale x4, 1912 - 1917

Date:

1917

Author(s):

Ministry of Forests

Length or size:

__________

* Research theme / area:

Pre-University Logging Activities

Notes:

• This document is in relation to the Forest Branch planned timber sale, which extended from all of today’s Pacific Spirit Park to the Musqueam Reserve.
• For assistance in obtaining this document contact: Dodie Hammond, Ministry of Forests, Timber Harvesting Branch, 1450 Government Street, Victoria B.C.
• This citation is originally noted in Gabrielle Kahrer’s book Mosaic of Destinies

Call #:

LH3.B7 U4

Location:

Main Library stacks, UBC

Type of Document:

Student Periodical

Name of Document:

The Ubyssey; “Endowment Lands”

Date:

November 16, 1973, Vancouver, Publications Board of the Alma Mater Society, University of B.C

Author(s):

___________

Length or size:

___________

* Research theme / area:

Endowment Lands

Notes:

• The history of the University Endowment Lands has largely been “a story of grandiose, development schemes that never came to pass due to changing economic and political circumstances” page 4.
• Ubyssey is published during school year only Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday

Call #:

432 Suppl. Readings

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Article

Name of Document:

Aboriginal Rights to Cultural Property in Canada

Date:

1999: International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol 8, No 1

Author(s):

Catherine E. Bell and Robert K. Paterson

Length or size:

167 - 211

* Research theme / area:

Museum of Anthropology, Relationship with First Peoples

Notes:

Abstract: This article explores the rights of Aboriginal peoples in Canada concerning movable Aboriginal cultural property. Although the Canadian constitution protects Aboriginal rights, the content of this protection has only recently begun to be explored by the Supreme Court of Canada in a series of important cases. This article sets out the existing Aboriginal rights regime in Canada and accesses its likely application to claims for the return of Aboriginal cultural property. Canadian governments have shown little interest in attempting to resolve questions concerning ownership and possession of Aboriginal peoples’ representatives. Those agreements have often involved ongoing partnerships between Aboriginal peoples and museums concerning such matters as museum management and exhibition curatorship. A recent development has been the resolution of specific repatriation requests as part of modern land claims agreements. The compromise represented by these negotiated solutions also characterizes the legal standards being developed to reconcile existing Aboriginal rights and the legitimate policy concerns of the wider Canadian society.

Call #:

ANTH 421 c.1

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Book, Museum Note No. 33

Name of Document:

A Labour of Love: The Making of the Museum of Anthropology: The First Three Decades 1947-1976

Date: 1993:

UBC, Museum of Anthropology, Vancouver

Author(s):

Audrey Hawthorn

Length or size:

19 pages

* Research theme / area:

Museum of Anthropology, Relationship with First Peoples

Notes:

This is a good overview of the beginning stages of the Museum of Anthropology. The book reveals the role of Audrey Hawthorn, the first curator of MOA, and the changing relationships between source communities and museums. It also provides insights into the goals of the museum as part of a new and growing UBC campus.

Call #:

FILE PDC U558 U23 [199-]

Location:

XWI7XWA Library, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

UBC Museum of Anthropology policy on: collection, preservation, interpretation and access regarding Canadian First Peoples' cultural materials housed in MOA

Date:

199-

Author(s):

University of British Columbia. Museum of Anthropology

Length or size:

4 leaves; 28 cm.

* Research theme / area:

First Nations and MOA at UBC

Notes:

__________

Call #:

5.1 Peers

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

Museums and Source Communities: A Routledge Reader

Date:

2003, London: Routledge

Author(s):

Laura Peers and Alison K. Brown (Eds)

Length or size:

280 pages

* Research theme / area:

Museum of Anthropology, Relationship with First Peoples

Notes:

This book is a good overview of current relationship between museums and source communities. It documents the growth of collaboration between museums and communities. The book is a series of published articles and essays on the issues, problems and lessons learned between communities and museums. The main topics include: The museum as field site or contact zone, visual repatriation, and exhibitions.

Call #:

    ____________

Location:

Museum of Anthropology, UBC

Type of Document:

Exhibit: Running April 8, 2004 – January 28 2005

Name of Document:

From Site to Sight

Date:

2004

Author(s):

Terri Pointe and Courtney Gibson (Interns at UBC MOA, Musqueam Band Members and Students at UBC)

Length or size:

One wall - multiple photographs

* Research theme / area:

Musqueam Display in Museum

Notes:

Two MOA interns, Terri Pointe and Courtney Gibson, developed this exhibit, which is on exhibit from April 8, 2004 through January 28, 2005. Working together, these two interns put together a display that explores the idea of what makes a site sacred. Drawing from Terri’s experience as a Musqueam tribal member and Courtney’s experience as a non-Native Canadian, the display highlights how worldviews and lenses affect the way you see a landscape. Using a series of photographs within the Musqueam territory, the display highlights how seemingly ordinary sites, easily passed over from those outside the community, are actually sacred sites, worthy of pause and reflection.

Call #:

432 Suppl. Readings

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Article

Name of Document:

Museums and Politics, The Sprit Sings and the Lubicon Boycott

Date:

1988, Muse

Author(s):

Julia Harrison, Bruce Trigger, Michael Ames

Length or size:

19 pages

* Research theme / area:

Museum of Anthropology/ Relationship with First Peoples

Notes:

• This article is a telling example of the controversies associated with the Spirit Sing exhibit in Calgary. This exhibit led to a national debate among museum curators, directors, First Peoples, and community members. Michael Ames, director of UBC MOA makes that point that museums should stay away from political cross-fires. Ames condemns the boycott of the exhibit, largely due to upholding professional autonomy from political undercurrents.
• This article is important because it situates UBC MOA within the contexts of this nation-wide debate, which undoubtedly has repercussions with MOA and “source communities.”

Call #:

431c 2003/2004 c.2

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Report

Name of Document:

Task Force Report on Museums and First Peoples

Date:

1992, Ottawa

Author(s):

Assembly of First Nations and the Canadian Museums Associations

Length or size:

19 pages

* Research theme / area:

Relationship b/w First Peoples and Museums

Notes:

• The mission statement of this task force was “To develop an ethical framework and strategies for Aboriginal nations to represent history and culture in concert with cultural institutions.”
• This report is important because it was instrumental in shaping policy and framing actions for a more productive relationship between museums and First Peoples throughout Canada.
• This task force was called together as a result of controversy - the Spirit Sing exhibition in Calgary Olympics. From that controversy, however, came a productive dialogue that set out clear goals and standards for museums and gave voice to the First Peoples of Canada. From this collaborative process, museums were able to move foreword with a clearer set of boundaries and principles to guide their work.
• This is important for UBC, because the relationship between Musqueam and MOA has grown into a much more productive relationship - with open communication and collaboration. This report signals a national priority to increase collaboration between museums and source communities.

Call #:

spam225 .A

Location:

RARE BOOKS & SPECIAL COLLECTIONS pamphlet files

Type of Document:

Pamphlet

Name of Document:

The Indians of British Columbia.

Date:

1888

Author(s):

Dr. Franz Boas

Length or size:

11 p

* Research theme / area:

Indians of North America - British Columbia

Notes:

• Published: Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Section II, 1888, pp. 47-57, 1888.
• Reprint of Pamphlet

Call #:

12.76 COM HAW v.1 RARE

Location:

Museum of Anthropology Reading Room, UBC

Type of Document:

Report

Name of Document:

Indians of British Columbia: A Survey of Social and Economic Conditions - A Report to the Minster of Citizenship and Immigration. Volume 1

Date:

1955: UBC

Author(s):

_HB Hawthorn, CS Belshaw, SM Jamieson and others

Length or size:

352 pages

* Research theme / area:

First Peoples of BC / Musqueam

Notes:

• The Department of Citizenship and Immigration commissioned UBC to undertake a “comprehensive study of Indian life, focused on the adjustments to the Canadian economy and society. This “Indian Research project” lasted from May 1954 through winter of 1955/ 56 and was undertaken by students at UBC who lived with specific bands in order to get to know the communities at a reasonable level.
• This report, although dated in language, might be useful for background information, maps or charts.

Call #:

E78.B9 H34 2002

Location:

Koerner Library stacks

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

Making native space: colonialism, resistance, and reserves in British Columbia.

Date:

Vancouver : UBC Press, c2002.

Author(s):

Cole Harris with cartography by Eric Leinberger

Length or size:

415 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 24 cm.

* Research theme / area:

First Nations history

Notes:

• Indian reservations--British Columbia--History.
• Indians of North America--Canada--Government relations.
• Includes bibliographical references and index

Call #:

British Columbia, Native Communities

Location:

Geographic Information Centre, Geography Building, UBC

Type of Document:

Map

Name of Document:

Native Lands Then and Now

Date:

1990: FM Studio For the Children Project

Author(s):

FM Studio for the Children Project

Length or size:

flat map

* Research theme / area:

First Nations in BC

Notes:

• Themes
  • - Map of British Columbia with traditional aboriginal territories
  • - Includes Native Language Families
  • - Settlement and Landmarks c.1850
  • - Timeline on back of map
• - FM Studio For the Children Project, PO Box86926, N. Vancouver BC V7L 4P6

Call #:

BA C53 N38 2003

Location:

XWI7XWA Library stacks

Type of Document:

BC Studies; no. 138-139.

Name of Document:

Native geographies / guest edited by Clayton Daniel.

Date:

Vancouver, B.C. : University of British Columbia, 2003.

Author(s):

Daniel Clayton and R. Cole Harris

Length or size:

300 p: ill., maps ; 23 cm.

* Research theme / area:

First Nations history

Notes:

• Articles: Defining the Middle Period (3500 BP to 1500BP) in Tsimshian history through a comparison of archaeological and oral records / Andrew R.C. Martindale and Susan Marsden United States v. Tom and a new perspective on the short history of treaty making in nineteenth-century British Columbia / Hamar Foster and Allen Grove
• Collaboration geographies: native-white partnerships during the re-settlement of Ootsa Lake, British Columbia, 1900-52 / Soren Larsen
• "If the story could be heard": colonial discourse and the surrender of Indian Reserve 172 / Steve Roe and students of Northern Lights College.
• Includes bibliographical references and index

Call #:

LE3.B8k U54 :1880 Cass.

Location:

Rare Books & Special Collections

Type of Document:

Cassette

Name of Document:

The background of the native land question in B.C. [sound recording] / Cole Harris.

Date:

University of British Columbia Archives phonotape; 1880

Author(s):

R. Cole Harris and Vancouver Institute

Length or size:

1 sound cassette..

* Research theme / area:

First Nations history

Notes:

• Indians of North America--British Columbia--Land tenure.
• Indians of North America--British Columbia--Claims.
• British Columbia--Discovery and exploration.
• British Columbia--History.
• Includes bibliographical references and index

Call #:

FC3811 .H37 1997

Location:

Koerner Library stacks

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

The resettlement of British Columbia: essays on colonialism and geographical change

Date:

Vancouver, BC : UBC Press, 1997

Author(s):

R. Cole Harris; with cartography by Eric Leinberger

Length or size:

xxii, 314 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm..

* Research theme / area:

First Nations history

Notes:

• Indians of North America--British Columbia--History.
• Human geography--British Columbia.
• British Columbia--History.
• British Columbia--Colonization.
• Includes bibliographical references and index

Call #:

E96.65.B7 F74 1992

Location:

Education Library stacks, UBC

Type of Document:

Guidebook

Name of Document:

Creating cultural awareness about First Nations: a workshop guide / prepared by Val Friesen, Jo-Ann Archibald, Rita Jack

Date:

1992, Vancouver, B.C.: Native Indian Teacher Education Program University of British Columbia

Author(s):

Val Friesen, Jo-ann Archibald, Rita Jack, and University of British Columbia Native Indian Teacher Education Program

Length or size:

vii, 75 p; 29 cm.

* Research theme / area:

First Nations Education Policy BC

Notes:

• Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72).
• Filmography: p. 73.

Call #:

E96.65.B7 A834 1979 CASS

Location:

Education Library stacks, UBC

Type of Document:

Cassette

Name of Document:

A history of the education of native Indian children in B.C.] [sound recording] / Mary Ashworth

Date:

1979

Author(s):

Mary Ashworth and University of British Columbia. Native Indian Teacher Education Program.

Length or size:

1 sound cassette : 1 7/8 ips.

* Research theme / area:

First Nations Education Policy BC

Notes:

__________

Call #:

GH K57 F57 2001

Location:

XWI7XWA Library archives reference (non-circulating), UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

The First Nations Longhouse: our home away from home

Date:

2001: Vancouver: First Nations House of Learning

Author(s):

Jo-ann Archibald and Verna Kirkness

Length or size:

xii, 100 p. : ill. (chiefly col.), ports. ; 24 x 27 cm.

* Research theme / area:

History of Longhouse at UBC

Notes:

Topics include – First Nations, Architecture, British Columbia, First Nations House of Learning, UBC

Call #:

VID I63 L6 1994

Location:

XWI7XWA Library, UBC

Type of Document:

audio-visual [videorecording]

Name of Document:

History of Longhouse

Date:

1994: Richmond, B.C. Image Media Services

Author(s):

Image Media Services

Length or size:

1 VHS Video, 30:40 min.; colour

* Research theme / area:

History of Longhouse at UBC

Notes:

• Topics: First Nations House Of Learning, UBC Longhouse, First Nations Programs
• Video VHS

Call #:

Maps-UBC Mss.-History

Location:

Rare Books & Special Collections Maps, UBC

Type of Document:

Maps

Name of Document:

Early history of UBC file [cartographic material]: Maps from a collection of early records of the University of British Columbia

Date:

1994, Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia, [ca.1912-1915].

Author(s):

University of British Columbia

Length or size:

Various scales.4 maps : ms. and photocopy ; 37 c 70 cm. to 100 x 141 cm

* Research theme / area:

Early History of UBC

Notes:

Topics: University of British Columbia Campus-Planning--Maps

Call #:

FC3847.52 .S239 1980

Location:

Rare Books & Special Collections

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

Memories of old West Point Grey

Date:

1980, Vancouver, B.C.

Author(s):

Walter Donald MacKinnon Sage

Length or size:

37, 4, vii leaves : ill.

* Research theme / area:

Point Grey History

Notes:

• Cover title: Memories of old West Point Grey, 1924-1940.
• "Limited ed. of 100 copies"/ "Copy 31"
• Includes indexes.

Call #:

LE3.B82 A5 1936

Location:

Koerner Library, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

The University of British Columbia. Twenty-first anniversary, 1915-1936

Date:

1936: Vancouver, B.C.: UBC

Author(s):

University of British Columbia

Length or size:

38 p. incl. front. plates, ports. 26 cm.

* Research theme / area:

Early History of UBC

Notes:

Good summary of early history of UBC, forming of UBC

Call #:

LE3 .B817 1913 G5 2001

Location:

Koerner Library, UBC

Type of Document:

Book

Name of Document:

Wesbrook and his University

Date:

1973, Vancouver, B.C.: Library of the University of British Columbia

Author(s):

William C. Gibson

Length or size:

xii, 204 p., [16] leaves of plates, ill., facsims, ports. 24 cm.

* Research theme / area:

Early History of UBC

Notes:

• Good introduction to general University of British Columbia history
• Biography of F.F. Wesbrook, 1868-1918
• Includes index.
• "Wesbrook's publications": p. 195-197.
• Bibliography: p. 198